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Technology Explained

How the equipment works, and why the design choices inside it change what you can expect from it once it is installed.

Isometric diagram of an isolation transformer whose laminated core is split by an air gap, with separate primary and secondary windings and an independent earth reference on each side Technology Explained

Galvanic Isolation in UPS Systems, and Why Industrial Sites Need It

Galvanic isolation puts a transformer winding between a UPS input and its output so that no conductive path remains between them. Here is what that buys on an industrial site, why many modern UPS designs deliberately leave it out, and how to confirm which paths in a machine are actually isolated. 5 August 2026 · 11 min read Isometric technical diagram contrasting a clean sinusoidal supply current with the distorted, notched current waveform drawn by a rectifier input, alongside a harmonic spectrum of bars diminishing with increasing order Technology Explained

Harmonic Distortion and Why the Rectifier Front End Matters

The rectifier is the part of a UPS or converter that faces the supply, and its design decides what the installation does to the upstream network. What input current harmonics are, what they cost in transformer heating, neutral current and generator instability, and how to specify a front end so competing quotes describe the same machine. 5 August 2026 · 10 min read Isometric comparison of a modular UPS frame filled with identical hot-swap power modules, one part-way out of its bay, beside a single solid monolithic UPS cabinet of the same height Technology Explained

Modular vs Monolithic UPS: What Scalability Buys

A modular architecture changes the capital profile, the repair time and the floor plan of a UPS installation — and leaves several single points of failure exactly where they were. How to tell the two apart before you order. 5 August 2026 · 10 min read Isometric technical diagram of a UPS with three parallel paths from input to load: the normal path through the rectifier and inverter, an automatic static bypass path across the inverter, and a separate manual maintenance bypass path wrapping around the whole unit Technology Explained

Static Bypass and Maintenance Bypass in a UPS

Two paths with confusingly similar names. One is an automatic, solid-state protective feature the UPS operates by itself; the other is a manual arrangement that runs the load on raw mains by design. What each covers, what neither covers, and how to specify both. 5 August 2026 · 13 min read Isometric diagram of UPS redundancy: a working set of power modules with one spare module alongside, and two fully duplicated parallel systems feeding a shared output busbar Technology Explained

UPS Redundancy Explained: N+1, 2N and 2N+1

N+1, 2N and 2N+1 are notation, not ratings. What each one actually buys, why being maintainable and being fault-tolerant are different properties, and where the single path survives inside a design everyone calls redundant. 5 August 2026 · 12 min read

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